「十九」2026政府工作报告·中英共读

（四）持续深化重点领域改革。

围绕构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制，强化改革攻坚，深入破除体制机制障碍，增强高质量发展动力活力。

4. Continuing to deepen reform in key areas

As we strive to develop a high-standard socialist market economy, we should deepen critical reforms to remove institutional barriers and inject new impetus and vitality into our endeavors to pursue high-quality development.

注：

1.强化改革攻坚 deepen critical reforms

2. 破除体制机制障碍 remove institutional barriers

3. 增强...动力活力 inject new impetus and vitality into

We will intensify efforts to build a unified national market.

Regulations will be drawn up on developing a unified national market. We will improve the statistical, fiscal, tax, and evaluation systems, regulate the economic promotion activities of local governments, issue lists of do's and don'ts for local government investment attraction, and better regulate policies on tax breaks and government subsidies. We will advance reform of institutions and mechanisms for public bidding.

注：

1. 招商引资鼓励和禁止事项清单 lists of do's and don'ts for investment attraction，目的是规范地方政府行为，防止恶性招商和违规补贴。“Do's and don'ts” 是非常地道的“鼓励与禁止”表达。

2. 全国统一大市场 unified national market，这不是简单的贸易往来，而是要打破“行政壁垒”和“地方保护”。重点在于消除“市场分割”（market segmentation）。译文用 intensify efforts 对应“纵深推进”，体现了从量变到质变的攻坚态势。

3. 税收优惠、财政补贴  policies on tax breaks and government subsidies

加强反垄断、反不正当竞争，强化公平竞争审查刚性约束，综合运用产能调控、标准引领、价格执法、质量监管等手段，深入整治“内卷式”竞争，营造良好市场生态。深化要素市场化配置综合改革试点，将更多符合条件的地区纳入试点范围。深化综合交通运输体系改革，降低全社会物流成本。稳步推进公用事业和公共服务价格改革。

We will address monopolies and unfair competition with greater intensity, enhance the binding force of fair competition review, and thoroughly address rat race competition with a full range of approaches, including production regulation, standard-based guidance, pricing compliance and enforcement, and quality supervision, so as to cultivate a sound market environment. We will advance comprehensive reform trials for the market-based allocation of production factors and include more eligible localities in the trials. We will further reform the integrated transportation system to cut logistics costs throughout society. We will also steadily advance pricing reform for public utilities and public services.

注：

1.刚性约束 binding force，“刚性”直接译为 rigid 会显得生硬且不专业。译文将其转化为法律术语 binding force（约束力/强制执行力）。在政宣翻译中，描述制度的“硬度”时，常用 binding、mandatory 或 compulsory。

2. “内卷式”竞争 rat race competition，Rat race 是描述无意义、内耗式竞争的经典表达。也可以译为 cut-throat competition。

3. 要素市场化配置 market-based allocation of production factors，指让土地、劳动力、资本、技术、数据等要素由市场决定价格和流向。

4. 价格执法 pricing compliance and enforcement，针对“内卷式”竞争，价格战是核心。pricing compliance 强调守法，enforcement 强调惩处。

推进财税金融体制改革。

加大财政资源和预算统筹力度，提高国有资本收益收取比例。加强财政科学管理，深化零基预算改革，进一步扩大中央部门试点范围。健全地方税体系，拓展地方税源。调整优化消费税征税范围、税率，并推进部分品目征收环节后移。

We will reform the fiscal, tax, and financial systems.

We will better coordinate fiscal resources and budgets and raise the share of state capital gains that are collected by the central government. To promote sound fiscal management, we will advance zero-based budgeting reforms and expand reform trials in central departments. We will improve local tax systems and expand the sources of tax revenue at the local level. We will optimize the scope and rate of excise tax and move its collection on some items further down the production-to-consumption chain.

注：

1.零基预算改革 zero-based budgeting reforms，零基预算指不考虑以往期间的费用水平，从零开始审核每一项预算支出。“零基预算”改革是对“基数预算”的颠覆，旨在解决资金沉淀和“钱等项目”的问题。其对立面是增量预算incremental budgeting。

2. 消费税征收环节后移 move excise tax collection further down the chain。消费税目前多在生产环节征收，改为在批发或零售环节征收，有助于增加地方税收。译文用了 down the production-to-consumption chain（产业链下游），精准描述了税收环节在产业链上的位移。

3.消费税 excise tax，不要错译为consumption tax。中国语境下的消费税并非对所有商品征收，仅涵盖烟、酒、成品油、小汽车等高频消费及高能耗产品等15个类目，标准译法是 excise tax。

规范金融机构竞争秩序，深入推进地方中小金融机构减量提质。持续深化资本市场投融资综合改革，进一步健全中长期资金入市机制，完善投资者保护制度，拓展私募股权和创投基金退出渠道，提高直接融资、股权融资比重。

We will regulate competition among financial institutions and work to consolidate small and medium local financial institutions and improve their performance. We will deepen comprehensive investment and financing reforms in the capital market, improve market entry mechanisms for medium- and long-term capital, refine investor protection schemes, and broaden exit channels for private equity funds and venture capital funds. The share of direct financing and equity financing will be raised.

注：

1. 减量提质 work to consolidate ... and improve their performance  译文进行了词类转换。如果直译 reduce quantity and improve quality，读者会疑惑为什么要减少金融机构。译文用 consolidate（合并/整合）解释了“减量”的行政手段，因为金融机构减少数量通常是通过兼并重组实现的。遇到中文四字格缩略语，首先要思考其背后的行政动作，而非字面意思。

2. 中长期资金 medium- and long-term capital，金融语境下的“资金”常用 capital 或 funds。

3. 私募股权和创投基金 Private equity (PE) & Venture capital (VC) funds

4. 直接融资、间接融资 Direct financing、 Indirect financing

We will energize all market entities.

We will stay committed to both unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector. We will formulate and implement plans for further deepening SOE and state-capital reform to refine the layout of the state-owned sector and adjust its structure. We will refine supportive regulations and policies for the Private Sector Promotion Law to consolidate the legal and institutional basis for ensuring equal access to production factors, a level playing field for market competition, and effective protection of private economic entities' lawful rights and interests.

注：

1.“两个毫不动摇” unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector。指：“毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济”和“毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展”

2. 民营经济促进法 Private Sector Promotion Law

完善中国特色现代企业制度。大力弘扬企业家精神，促进年轻一代企业家健康成长。推动平台企业和平台内经营者、劳动者共赢发展。分型分类精准帮扶个体工商户发展。下更大力气解决拖欠企业账款问题，健全长效机制。持续打造一流营商环境，更好支持企业安心经营、高质量发展。

We will refine the modern corporate system with distinctive Chinese features. We will vigorously promote the entrepreneurial spirit and encourage the healthy growth of a new generation of entrepreneurs. We will work to achieve win-win outcomes for platform companies, third-party merchants, and gig workers. Category-specific and targeted assistance will be provided to self-employed individuals. A stronger push will be made to ensure that overdue payments owed to enterprises are settled and relevant long-term mechanisms will be refined. We will keep working to foster a first-rate business environment and better support enterprises in doing business and pursuing high-quality growth free from undue concern.

注：

1. 分型分类 category-specific and targeted，强调差异化和针对性。

2. 安心经营 doing business ... free from undue concern，“安心”被转化为“免于不必要的担忧”。

3. 平台内经营者 third-party merchants

4. 平台内劳动者 gig workers，特指依靠平台接单的零工群体，这是一个关键的社会学词汇变化，体现了对骑手、网约车司机等群体的关注。

5. 下更大力气解决......  astronger push will be made to ensure that...

【本部分话题核心表达整理】

1. 全国统一大市场与竞争秩序 

• Unified national market (全国统一大市场)

• Market segmentation / Local protectionism (市场分割/地方保护)

• Binding force of fair competition review (公平竞争审查刚性约束)

• Unfair competition / Monopolistic behavior (不正当竞争/垄断行为)

• "Rat race" competition / Cut-throat competition (内卷式竞争)

• Regulatory oversight / Compliance and enforcement (监管/合规执法)

• A level playing field (公平竞争的环境/赛场）

2. 财税金融体制改革

• Zero-based budgeting (ZBB) (零基预算)

• Fiscal and tax systems (财税体制)

• State capital gains (国有资本收益)

• Local tax sources (地方税源)

• Excise tax collection on some items further down the chain (消费税征收环节后移)

• Direct vs. Indirect financing (直接融资与间接融资)

• Equity financing (股权融资)

• Private equity (PE) & Venture capital (VC) funds (私募股权和创投基金)

• Exit channels (退出渠道)

• Medium- and long-term capital entry (中长期资金入市)

3. 生产要素市场化

• Production factors (生产要素：土地、劳动力、资本、技术、数据)

• Market-based allocation (市场化配置)

• Comprehensive reform trials (综合改革试点)

• Unimpeded flows of factors (要素自主有序流动)

• Price discovery mechanism (价格发现机制)

4. 经营主体与企业治理

• unswervingly consolidating and developing the public sector and unswervingly encouraging, supporting, and guiding the development of the non-public sector (两个毫不动摇：“毫不动摇巩固和发展公有制经济”和“毫不动摇鼓励、支持、引导非公有制经济发展”)

• SOE reform / State-owned assets (国企改革/国有资产)

• Private sector / Private economic entities (民营经济/民营主体)

• Modern corporate system with distinctive Chinese features (中国特色现代企业制度)

• Entrepreneurial spirit (企业家精神)

• Platform companies (平台企业)

• Gig workers (平台内劳动者)

• Third-party merchants (平台内经营者)

• Self-employed individuals (个体工商户)

• Overdue payments / Arrears (拖欠账款)

5. 营商环境与行政效能

• First-rate business environment (一流营商环境)

• Institutional barriers (体制机制障碍)

• Removing/Clearing away obstacles (破除障碍)

• Do's and don'ts list (鼓励和禁止事项清单)

• Negative list-based management (负面清单管理)

• Undue concern (不必要的担忧)