「二」2026政府工作报告·中英共读

一年来，我国发展向新向优、彰显蓬勃活力。新质生产力稳步发展，科技创新成果丰硕，人工智能、生物医药、机器人、量子科技等研发应用走在世界前列，

Over the past year, China has achieved dynamic, innovation-driven, and high-quality development. New quality productive forces grew steadily, and numerous new advances were made in science and technology. China led the way in the research, development, and application of artificial intelligence (AI), biomedicine, robotics, and quantum technology.

注：

1. 新质生产力 New quality productive forces，注意force用复数

2. 向新向优dynamic, innovation-driven, and high-quality采取了意译法，将“新”和“优”具体化。

3. 走在世界前列led the way in...

芯片自主研发有了新突破，天问二号开启“追星”之旅，北斗规模应用全面拓展，雅下水电工程开工建设，首艘国产电磁弹射型航母福建舰正式入列，国产大模型引领全球开源生态。

New breakthroughs were made in the independent research and development (R&D) of chips. The Tianwen-2 probe embarked on an interplanetary exploration mission; large-scale application of the BeiDou Navigation SatelliteSystem was extended across various sectors; construction began on the hydropower project in the lower reaches of the Yarlung Zangbo River; the Fujian, China's first domestically built aircraft carrier equipped with an electromagnetic catapult system, was officially commissioned; and China-made large AI models spearheaded the development of the global open-source AI ecosystem.

注：

2. 电磁弹射型航母 aircraft carrier equipped with an electromagnetic catapult system   军事科技术语  关键词catapult（弹射器） 

3. 正式入列 officially commissioned 舰船、装备服役的专业动词是 commission。

4. 开源生态 open-source (AI) ecosystem 互联网与人工智能领域的标准表达

5. 本段中文用逗号连接所有成就，但英文如果用逗号会造成 Run-on sentences。译文通过分号将多个独立的科技成就隔开，并使用不同的动词避免重复：

breakthroughs were made (突破)

embarked on (开启之旅)

was extended (拓展)

construction began (开工建设)

was officially commissioned (入列)

spearheaded (引领)

产业结构持续优化，高技术制造业、装备制造业增加值分别增长9.4%、9.2%，工业机器人、集成电路产量分别增长28%、10.9%，新能源汽车年产量超过1600万辆，电动汽车充电设施突破2000万个。

The industrial structure continued to improve. The value added of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing grew by 9.4 percent and 9.2 percent respectively, while the output of industrial robots and integrated circuits rose by 28 percent and 10.9 percent respectively. New-energy vehicle output exceeded 16 million units, and the number of electric vehicle charging facilities topped 20 million. 

注：

1. 增加值 value added 经济统计术语，注意不是 added value（增值服务）

2. “突破”使用的三种表达，breakthroughs / topped / exceeded

3. 集成电路 integrated circuits (IC) 固定译法

4. 单位GDP能耗 energy consumption per unit of GDP，固定专业表达

5. 增长：用 grew by 或 rose by

6. 达到/超过：用 exceeded 或 topped。

7. 分别：单词 respectively 须放在句尾或对应数据后

单位国内生产总值能耗降低5.1%，生态环境质量持续改善。

A drop of 5.1 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP contributed to continued improvement in the environment.

注：

原文两句是并列关系，但隐含了因果逻辑。译文巧妙使用 contributed to（有助于/促成了）将两句串联，显化逻辑的关联。

过去一年取得的成绩来之不易。我们面对的是多年少有的外部冲击挑战和国内两难多难问题交织叠加的复杂严峻形势。

What we achieved in 2025 was indeed hard won. Rarely in many years have we encountered such a grave and complex landscape, where external shocks and challenges were intertwined with domestic difficulties and tough policy choices.

注：

1. 来之不易hard won固定译法。注意不要直译为not easy to come by，公文常用 hard won。

2.两难多难问题交织叠加 intertwined with domestic difficulties and tough policy choices   将“两难多难”意译为“艰难的政策选择 (tough policy choices）”。

国际经贸环境急剧变化，单边主义、保护主义陡然升级，市场预期受到频繁扰动，对外贸易明显承压。国内经济深刻转型，深层次结构性矛盾问题持续显现，消费、投资增长动力不足。

The international economic and trade environment underwent drastic changes. As unilateralism and protectionism abruptly escalated, market expectations were hit by frequent volatility, and China's foreign trade came under considerable pressure. Domestically, the economy remained in the midst of a profound transformation, deep-seated structural problems became more pronounced, and consumption and investment lacked adequate growth momentum.

注：

1. 单边主义、保护主义 unilateralism and protectionism 外交高频词

2. 陡然升级 abruptly escalated

以习近平同志为核心的党中央带领我们沉着应对、勇毅前行,

The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core led us in meeting these challenges with composure and pressing ahead with fortitude. 

注：

1. 沉着应对 meeting these challenges with composure

2. 勇毅前行 press ahead with fortitude

对外有理有力有效开展经贸斗争，坚定维护我国利益，中美5轮经贸磋商取得积极成果，两国元首釜山会晤达成重要共识，为经贸合作注入更多稳定性；

On the international front, we took a reasoned, robust, and effective approach to addressing economic and trade issues and stood firm in safeguarding China's national interests. Positive outcomes were produced by the five rounds of China-US trade talks, and important common understandings were reached by the two countries' heads of state during their meeting in Busan, putting China-US economic and trade cooperation on a more stable footing.

注：

1.有理有力有效 reasoned, robust, and effective

2. 经贸磋商 trade talks /consultations 常用 talks 或 consultations。

3. 达成重要共识 important common understandings were reached “共识”在此用复数，常用 reach 搭配。

4. 中文讲的“注入稳定性”（inject stability）对应英文公文常说 on a...footing（立足于...的基础之上）

对内打好政策“组合拳”，加强宏观政策逆周期调节，着力稳就业、稳企业、稳市场、稳预期，集中力量办好自己的事。

On the domestic front, we focused on running our own affairs well: We improved policy coordination and took macro policy steps to enhance counter-cyclical adjustments, with the aim of keeping employment, enterprise operations, markets, and expectations stable. 

注：

1. 逆周期调节 counter-cyclical adjustments 经济学核心术语

2. 政策“组合拳” improved policy coordination，意译为“提升政策协调性”。

3. “着力稳就业、稳企业、稳市场、稳预期”中文喜欢排比。译文则“一动带多宾”，使用一个核心动词keep，后接四个并列宾语，最后由一个形容词stable统一修饰。

我们从最坏处打算，向最好处努力，不仅稳住了宏观经济大盘，推动高质量发展取得新成效，而且极大提振了全社会的士气和信心。

By preparing for the worst while striving for the best, not only did we maintain overall macroeconomic stability and secure new advances in high-quality development, but we also significantly bolstered morale and confidence across society.

注：

1. “大盘”是股市术语转借到宏观经济，翻译时必须还原其本意“宏观经济稳定性”。

在这个过程中，我们进一步认识到，做好新形势下经济工作必须充分挖掘经济潜能、必须坚持政策支持和改革创新并举、必须做到既“放得活”又“管得好”、必须坚持投资于物和投资于人紧密结合、必须以苦练内功来应对外部挑战。

During this process, we deepened our understanding of what is needed to deliver in economic work under new circumstances: We must fully tap the potential of the economy; both provide policy support and pursue reform and innovation; both foster market vitality and conduct effective regulation; invest in both physical assets and people; and hone our own capabilities to navigate external challenges.

注：

1. 苦练内功hone our own capabilities  hone 原指磨刀，也用于形容磨炼能力/内功。

2. “必须充分挖掘…、必须坚持…、必须做到…” 译文连续的“必须”如果全部翻译成must do 会显得词穷，通过更换动词（tap, provide, pursue, foster, conduct, invest, hone）展现了丰富的词汇量，同时使用 both... and... 结构来处理中文里的并列逻辑（如：既要...又要...）。

3.“放得活”又“管得好” foster market vitality and conduct effective regulation

实践再次证明，坚持党中央集中统一领导是应对一切困难、做好各项工作的根本保证，中国人民有信心有智慧有力量战胜一切艰难险阻！

Once again, it has been shown that upholding the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the fundamental guarantee for overcoming all difficulties and advancing all of our work. It has been shown that the Chinese people possess the confidence, wisdom, and strength to surmount any obstacle that lies ahead.

注：

1艰难险阻 any obstacle that lies ahead 采取概括译法，obstacle统称一切障碍。