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「政府工作报告双语学习」 是本公众号的长期更新系列。政府工作报告语言规范、表达凝练，是学习政经翻译的优质语料，对 CATTI和MTI 备考也具有较高的参考价值。
本系列每期精选 10 个经典句子，以双语对照 + 重点解析的方式，和大家一起分析句子结构，积累高频表达、实用句型和常见译法。
希望这个系列能成为大家的政经翻译学习资料库，也陪伴大家在长期积累中不断提升双语表达能力。
Day 2
1.一年来，我国发展向新向优、彰显蓬勃活力。
Over the past year, China has achieved dynamic, innovation-driven, and high-quality development.
【这里是对过去一年发展成就的总结，将彰显活力合入development】
表达：
发展向新=创新驱动的发展：innovation-driven development
发展向优秀=高质量的发展：high-quality development
发展彰显蓬勃活力=富有活力的发展：dynamic development
2.新质生产力稳步发展，科技创新成果丰硕，人工智能、生物医药、机器人、量子科技等研发应用走在世界前列，芯片自主研发有了新突破，天问二号开启“追星”之旅，北斗规模应用全面拓展，国产大模型引领全球开源生态。
结构：这一句为“总+分”结构，先总说新质生产力和科技成果，再分别列举具体科技成果。因此，先在“科技成果丰硕”断句。
（1）新质生产力稳步发展，科技创新成果丰硕，
New quality productive forces grew steadily, and numerous new advances were made in science and technology.
句型：
成果丰硕：make numerous advances in…; numerous advances were made in
表达：
新质生产力：new quality productive forces
（新质生产力的核心名词是forces，为了能和forces搭配，“发展”选用了grow，“力量壮大”）
新质生产力发展：new quality productive forces grew
类似表达：
创新成果竞相涌现。（2026新年贺词）
Wemade a stream of new innovations.
（2）人工智能、生物医药、机器人、量子科技等研发应用走在世界前列，
China led the way in the research, development, and application of artificial intelligence (AI), biomedicine, robotics, and quantum technology.
结构：（中国）在…的研发和应用走在前列
句型：
走在前列：lead the way in…
例：
1)截至2024年底，绿色氢能产能超15万吨/年，居世界第一。
（《碳达峰碳中和的中国行动》白皮书）
By the end of 2024, China led the world in the annual production capacity of green hydrogen energy – over 150,000 tonnes.
2)截至2025年6月底，开通运营城市轨道交通线路330条，运营总里程超过1.1万公里，居全球首位。
（《碳达峰碳中和的中国行动》白皮书）
By the end of June 2025, China led the world in urban rail transit, with 330 lines in operation over a total track length of more than 11,000 km.
表达：
研发=研究与发展：research, development; research and development (R&D)
生物医药：biomedicine
机器人：robotics
量子科技：quantum technology
（3）芯片自主研发有了新突破，
New breakthroughs were made in the independent research and development (R&D) of chips.
【补】：类似表达：
Breakthroughs have been achieved in the research and development of our own chips.（2026新年贺词）
句型：
取得突破：make breakthroughs in…；breakthroughs were made in…（被动）
表达：
芯片：chip （可数）
自主研发：the independent research and development
（4）天问二号开启“追星”之旅，
The Tianwen-2 probe embarked on an interplanetary exploration mission;
The Tianwen-2 probe began its star-chasing journey to explore asteroids and comets. （2026新年贺词）
句型：
开启…旅程/征程：embark on…; begin the… journey
开启/开始/开拓：embark on…
例：
中国已迈上以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的新征程。
（《中国的海洋生态环境保护》白皮书）
China embarks on a new journey ofrejuvenating the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization.
（5）北斗规模应用全面拓展，
large-scale application of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System was extended across various sectors;
表达：
1)北斗（北斗卫星导航系统）：the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
2)大规模：large-scale
3)全面：across various sectors;
a)comprehensively
全面深化改革（2025报告）
deepen reform comprehensively
b)in all respects
全面建设社会主义现代化国家
build a modern socialist country in all respects
c)across the board
全面启动实施国家科技重大专项
We rolled out major national science and technology programs across the board.
d)fully
全面贯彻落实
fully implement…
full
东北全面振兴
full revitalization of the Northeast
e)all-round (adj.)
加强全面质量管理
we will strengthen all-around quality management
推进乡村全面振兴
advance all-around rural revitalization
f)in all areas
加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型
accelerate the green transition in all areas of economic and social development
g)apply a holistic approach to…
全面贯彻总体国家安全观
We will fully apply a holistic approach to national security.
h)on all fronts
全面推进民族复兴
advance national rejuvenation on all fronts
（6）国产大模型引领全球开源生态。
China-made large AI models spearheaded the development of the global open-source AI ecosystem.
表达：
引领：spearhead
国产大模型：China-made large AI models
开源生态：open-source AI ecosystem
3.产业结构持续优化，高技术制造业、装备制造业增加值分别增长9.4%、9.2%，工业机器人、集成电路产量分别增长28%、10.9%，新能源汽车年产量超过1600万辆，电动汽车充电设施突破2000万个。
结构：
（1）这句是总分结构，先说产业结构（各产业的构成、占比），再分说不同的产业（制造业、机器人、汽车等等），因此直接在第一个逗号断开。
（2）前两个逗号都是增长比例，最后两个逗号处都是具体数值，因此分别断开。
The industrial structure continued to improve. The value added of high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing grew by 9.4 percent and 9.2 percent respectively, while the output of industrial robots and integrated circuits rose by 28 percent and 10.9 percent respectively. New-energy vehicle output exceeded 16 million units, and the number of electric vehicle charging facilities topped 20 million.
表达：
产业结构：the industrial structure
经济结构：the economic structure
能源结构：the energy mix
运输结构：the mix of transport
增加值：the value added
增值税：value-added tax (VAT)
高技术制造业：high-tech manufacturing
装备制造业：equipment manufacturing
unit [an individual item of one of the products that a company makes and sells]一件（公司产品）
例：Last year the company sold 200,000 units of that particular model of car.去年该公司销售了20万辆那种型号的汽车。
top [ to be higher than a particular amount ]高于，超过（某一数量）
例：Worldwide sales look set to top $1 billion.全球销售额看来很可能要超过 10 亿美元。
产量：output
电动汽车充电设施：electric vehicle charging facilities.
4.单位国内生产总值能耗降低5.1%，生态环境质量持续改善。
结构：因果关系：能耗降低促成了生态改善
A drop of 5.1 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP contributed to continued improvement in the environment.
技巧：当一句话中包含两套主谓，并且存在因果关系时，可以将主谓结构转换为名词化结构。
5.过去一年取得的成绩来之不易。
What we achieved in 2025 was indeed hard won.
表达：
来之不易：be hard won; did not come easily
类似表达：回顾过去一年（2024），成绩来之不易。（2025报告）
Our achievements in 2024 did not come easily.
6.我们面对的是多年少有的外部冲击挑战和国内两难多难问题交织叠加的复杂严峻形势。
结构：我们面对的是…的形势
Rarely in many years have we encountered such a grave and complex landscape, where external shocks and challenges were intertwined with domestic difficulties and tough policy choices.
【句子把rarely in many years放在最前面，强调这种情况“多年来极少遇到”，与前文“来之不易”相呼应，正常语序应为：We have rarely encountered such a grave and complex landscape in many years...】
技巧：
当句子为“中心名词（形势/局势/情况） + 一长串多层定语修饰”时，尤其是修饰语内部可以组成一个句子时，可使用抽象名词（landscape/situation/scenario）+ where 非限制性定语从句。
例：外部冲击挑战和国内两难多难问题交织叠加的复杂严峻形势
①多层修饰语
第一层：复杂严峻形势a grave and complex landscape
第二层：外部冲击挑战 + 内部问题
external shocks and challenges + domestic difficulties and tough policy choices
②修饰语内部可以组成一个句子：外部和内部交织叠加
译文：a grave and complex landscape, where external shocks and challenges were intertwined with domestic difficulties and tough policy choices.
表达：
复杂严峻形势：a grave and complex landscape
A与B交织叠加：be intertwined with
外部冲击挑战：external shocks and challenges
国内两难多难：domestic difficulties and tough policy choices
类似句子：
面对外部压力加大、内部困难增多的复杂严峻形势
in the face of complex and challenging developmentsmarked by mounting external pressures and growing domestic difficulties （2025报告）
技巧：
多重主谓结构的修饰语并置时，可将其转换为形容词+名词的名词化结构
外部压力加大、内部困难增多
mounting external pressures and growing domestic difficulties
7.国际经贸环境急剧变化，单边主义、保护主义陡然升级，市场预期受到频繁扰动，对外贸易明显承压。
结构：国际…环境急剧变化。随着单边与保护主义升级，市场受到扰动，外贸承受压力。
The international economic and trade environment underwent drastic changes. As unilateralism and protectionism abruptly escalated, market expectations were hit by frequent volatility, and China's foreign trade came under considerable pressure.
技巧：总分结构的长句可以把总述句单独成句。
表达：
xxx急剧变化：undergo drastic changes
单边主义：unilateralism
保护主义：protectionism
急剧升级：abruptly escalate
市场预期：market expectations
预期偏弱：weak public expectations
受到扰动：be hit by volatility
承受巨大压力：come under considerable pressure.
8.国内经济深刻转型，深层次结构性矛盾问题持续显现，消费、投资增长动力不足。
结构：在国内，经济仍然处在转型期，问题更加明显，动力不足。
Domestically, the economy remained in the midst of a profound transformation, deep-seated structural problems became more pronounced, and consumption and investment lacked adequate growth momentum.
表达：
处于深刻转型：remain/be in the midst of a profound transformation
深层次结构性矛盾问题（矛盾和问题重复，去掉一个）：deep-seated structural problems
持续显现=更加明显：become more pronounced
动力不足/缺乏增长动力：lack adequate growth momentum
9.实施更加积极有为的宏观政策，着力稳定经济运行。
结构：并列
We implemented more proactive and effective macro policies and worked to maintain stable economic performance.
表达：
实施政策：implement policies
积极有为的宏观政策：proactive and effective macro policies
着力：work to do
稳定经济运行=保持经济稳定运行：maintain stable economic performance
句型：努力/着力/大力做；协同做；全面做
着力/努力做：work to do; make efforts to do
1)大力推动创新驱动发展
make major efforts to promote innovation-driven development
2)着力抓好“三农”工作
Making every effort to deliver in work relating to agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents.
加大力度：strengthen/redouble/intensify efforts to do;
step up efforts to do;
make a major push to do
1)强化生态环境综合治理
We stepped up comprehensive efforts to improve the environment.
2)大力整治形式主义、官僚主义
We made a major push to address pointless formalities and bureaucratism.
3)强化源头治理
We will intensify efforts to tackle this issue at the source.
4)加力实施城中村和危旧房改造
We will intensify efforts to redevelop urban villages and renovate old and dilapidated houses.
5)加强法治政府建设。
We will intensify efforts to build a law-based government.
6)加力实施存量政策
redouble efforts to implement adopted policies
坚持做：make continued efforts to do
坚持不懈夯实农业基础
Make continued efforts to consolidate the foundations of agriculture
协同推动：make coordinated efforts to do
协同推进降碳减污扩绿增长
Making coordinated efforts to cut carbon emissions, reduce pollution, pursue green development.
全面推进：make comprehensive efforts to do
以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设
We will make comprehensive efforts to develop the national park-based system of protected areas.
10.年初我们就做好了应对复杂多变局面的充分准备。
结构：在年初，我们做好了…的充分准备。
Early in the year, we took all necessary steps to prepare for emerging complex and volatile situations.
表达：
做好充分准备：take all necessary steps to prepare for
复杂多变局面：complex and volatile situations
【句型汇总】
1. 成果丰硕
- make numerous advances in…；numerous advances were made in
- 例：科技创新成果丰硕。
Numerous new advances were made in science and technology.
2. 走在前列
- lead the way in…
- 例1：
- 截至2024年底，中国绿色氢能年产能超过15万吨，居世界第一。
By the end of 2024, China led the world in the annual production capacity of green hydrogen energy – over 150,000 tonnes.
- 例2：
- 截至2025年6月底，中国城市轨道交通运营线路330条，运营总里程超过1.1万公里，居全球首位。
By the end of June 2025, China led the world in urban rail transit, with 330 lines in operation over a total track length of more than 11,000 km.
3. 取得突破
- make breakthroughs in…；breakthroughs were made in…（被动）
- 例：芯片自主研发有了新突破。
New breakthroughs were made in the independent R&D of chips.
4. 开启…旅程/征程
embark on…；begin the… journey
例：中国迈上了以中国式现代化全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的新征程。
China embarks on a new journey of rejuvenating the Chinese nation through Chinese modernization.
5. 努力/着力/大力做；协同做；全面做
- 着力/努力做： work to do; make efforts to do
（make major efforts to promote innovation-driven development）
（Making every effort to deliver in work relating to agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents.）
- 加大力度： strengthen/redouble/intensify efforts to do; step up efforts to do; make a major push to do
We stepped up comprehensive efforts to improve the environment.
We made a major push to address pointless formalities and bureaucratism.
We will intensify efforts to tackle this issue at the source.
We will intensify efforts to redevelop urban villages and renovate old and dilapidated houses.
We will intensify efforts to build a law-based government.
redouble efforts to implement adopted policies
- 坚持做： make continued efforts to do
Make continued efforts to consolidate the foundations of agriculture.
- 协同推动： make coordinated efforts to do
Making coordinated efforts to cut carbon emissions, reduce pollution, pursue green development.
- 全面推进： make comprehensive efforts to do
We will make comprehensive efforts to develop the national park-based system of protected areas.
【技巧汇总】
1. 当一句话中包含两套主谓，并且存在因果关系时，可以将主谓结构转换为名词化结构。
- 例：单位国内生产总值能耗降低5.1%，生态环境质量持续改善。 → A drop of 5.1 percent in energy consumption per unit of GDP contributed to continued improvement in the environment.
2. 当句子为“中心名词（形势/局势/情况）+ 一长串多层定语修饰”时，尤其是修饰语内部可以组成一个句子时，可使用抽象名词（landscape/situation/scenario）+ where 非限制性定语从句。
例：外部冲击挑战和国内两难多难问题交织叠加的复杂严峻形势
①多层修饰语
第一层：复杂严峻形势a grave and complex landscape
第二层：外部冲击挑战 + 内部问题
external shocks and challenges + domestic difficulties and tough policy choices
②修饰语内部可以组成一个句子：外部和内部交织叠加
译文：a grave and complex landscape, where external shocks and challenges were intertwined with domestic difficulties and tough policy choices.
3. 多重主谓结构的修饰语并置时，可将其转换为形容词+名词的名词化结构
- 例：外部压力加大、内部困难增多
- mounting external pressures and growing domestic difficulties
4. 总分结构的长句可以把总述句单独成句。
- 例：国际经贸环境急剧变化，单边主义、保护主义陡然升级，市场预期受到频繁扰动，对外贸易明显承压。 The international economic and trade environment underwent drastic changes. As unilateralism and protectionism abruptly escalated, market expectations were hit by frequent volatility, and China's foreign trade came under considerable pressure.
【表达汇总】
发展向新（创新驱动的发展）：innovation-driven development
发展向优（高质量的发展）：high-quality development
发展彰显蓬勃活力（富有活力的发展）：dynamic development
新质生产力：new quality productive forces
全面（多种译法）：comprehensively / in all respects / across the board / fully / all-round (adj.) / in all areas / apply a holistic approach to… / on all fronts
复杂严峻形势：a grave and complex landscape
A与B交织叠加：be intertwined with
外部冲击挑战：external shocks and challenges
国内两难多难：domestic difficulties and tough policy choices
单边主义：unilateralism
保护主义：protectionism
急剧升级：abruptly escalate
市场预期：market expectations
预期偏弱：weak public expectations
受到扰动：be hit by volatility
承受巨大压力：come under considerable pressure
处于深刻转型：remain/be in the midst of a profound transformation
深层次结构性矛盾问题：deep-seated structural problems
持续显现=更加明显：become more pronounced
动力不足/缺乏增长动力：lack adequate growth momentum
实施政策：implement policies
积极有为的宏观政策：proactive and effective macro policies
着力：work to do
稳定经济运行=保持经济稳定运行：maintain stable economic performance
做好充分准备：take all necessary steps to prepare for
复杂多变局面：complex and volatile situations
来之不易：be hard won; did not come easily
产业结构：the industrial structure
经济结构：the economic structure
能源结构：the energy mix
运输结构：the mix of transport
增加值：the value added
增值税：value-added tax (VAT)
高技术制造业：high-tech manufacturing
装备制造业：equipment manufacturing
unit（一件公司产品）：unit
top（高于，超过某一数量）：top
产量：output
单位国内生产总值能耗：energy consumption per unit of GDP
电动汽车充电设施：electric vehicle charging facilities
研发=研究与发展：research, development; research and development (R&D)
生物医药：biomedicine
机器人：robotics
量子科技：quantum technology
芯片：chip（可数）
自主研发：the independent research and development
北斗（北斗卫星导航系统）：the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
大规模：large-scale
国产大模型：China-made large AI models
开源生态：open-source AI ecosystem
新能源汽车：new-energy vehicle
工业机器人：industrial robots
集成电路：integrated circuits
国际经贸环境：the international economic and trade environment
xxx急剧变化：undergo drastic changes
对外贸易：foreign trade
引领：spearhead
