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阅读贴士：政府工作报告【双语对照PDF】文末扫码进外刊精读群领取。戳➡️2026年政府工作报告英译版精读可随时定位学习进度
过去一年取得的成绩来之不易。我们面对的是多年少有的外部冲击挑战和国内两难多难问题交织叠加的复杂严峻形势。
What we achieved in 2025 was indeed hard won. Rarely in many years have we encountered such a grave and complex landscape, where external shocks and challengeswere intertwined withdomestic difficulties and tough policy choices.
来之不易：...be indeed hard wonexternal shocks and challengesdomestic difficulties and tough policy choicesintertwine/ˌɪn.tərˈtwaɪn/ v. [to twist or be twisted together, or to be connected so closely that it is difficult to separate]，即：纠缠、缠绕在一起，最常见的搭配就是文中的：A be intertwined with B或become closely intertwined这里注意entwine/ɪnˈtwaɪn/v.和intertwine几乎可以替换，entwine常指主动缠绕，如：藤蔓绕柱a grave and complex landscape国际经贸环境急剧变化，单边主义、保护主义陡然升级，市场预期受到频繁扰动，对外贸易明显承压。国内经济深刻转型，深层次结构性矛盾问题持续显现，消费、投资增长动力不足。The international economic and trade environmentunderwent drastic changes. As unilateralism and protectionismabruptly escalated, market expectationswere hit by frequent volatility, and China’s foreign tradecame under considerable pressure. Domestically, the economy remained in the midst of a profound transformation, deep-seated structural problemsbecame more pronounced, and consumption and investmentlacked adequate growth momentum.the international economic and trade environment急剧变化：underwent drastic changesundergo-underwent-undergone v.经历、承受（不好的事物或困难的变化过程等），口语语境下常用go through来替换，与之类似含义的词有：- sustain v.正式用语，表示遭受、经历“负面事物”
- endure v.忍受、忍耐（尤指极为痛苦的折磨）
unilateralism and protectionism形容“负面的事物（问题）的严重程度”加剧、愈演愈烈、越来越糟糕，就很适合用escalate，如：tentions escalate 紧张局势加剧、the escalation of military conflicts 武装冲突升级，同义词/近义词常用的有：intensify, exacerbate这个概念确实是老生常谈了，国际金贸政治语境的座上宾：- unilateral/unilateralism 单边的/单边主义
- bilateral/bilateralism 双边的/双边主义
- multilateral/multilateralism 多边的/多边主义
受到频繁扰动：be hit by frequent volatilityvolatility/ˌvɒl.əˈtɪl.ə.ti/n.[the quality or state of being likely to change suddenly and unexpectedly, especially for the worse; (in chemistry) the tendency of a substance to evaporate easily]，即：易变、不稳定性、易挥发等含义，常见的语境：- market/price volatility 市场/价格波动
- emotional volatility 情绪反复无常
- political volatility 政治局势动荡
明显承压：come under considerable pressureDomestically, the economy(domestic economy)深刻转型：remian in the midst of a profound transformationin the midst of表示“在...之中/之间”，既可以指空间上的在中间，也可以指时间上的在……期间 / 正处于某种状态，口语中常用in the middle of，类似相关性的表达还有：- during/in the process of...
deep-seated structural problems持续显现：become more pronouncedbecome more pronounced表示“更加明显、尤为突出、更容易被察觉到”，同意替换表达有：noticeable, marked, distinct...以习近平同志为核心的党中央带领我们沉着应对、勇毅前行，对外有理有力有效开展经贸斗争，坚定维护我国利益，中美5轮经贸磋商取得积极成果，两国元首釜山会晤达成重要共识，为经贸合作注入更多稳定性；The Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its coreled us in meeting these challenges with composure and pressing ahead with fortitude.
On the international front, we took a reasoned, robust, and effective approach to addressing economic and trade issues and stood firm in safeguarding China’s national interests. Positive outcomes were produced bythe five rounds of China-US trade talks, and important common understandings were reached bythe two countries’ heads of state during their meeting in Busan, puttingChina-US economic and trade cooperationon a more stable footing.
with Comrade Xi Jinping at its coremeet these challenges with composurecomposure n.[the state of being calm and in control of one‘s feelings, especially in a difficult or stressful situation]，即：冷静、镇定“沉着、冷静、镇定”这些概念，除了常用的calmness，还可以用equanimity（轻舟已过万重山）、self-possession（自我控制展现沉着）press ahead with fortitude具体“推进、开展”某事就可用：press ahead with...，此搭配暗含“坚持、不屈不挠、不退缩”等意味，与之类似的还有：push/forge ahead...fortitude n.刚毅、坚韧不拔，常见的搭配有：- one's fortitude to do sth. 做某事的顽强意志
- fortitude in the face of adversity 困境下的坚韧不拔
与之相关的概念比较常见的还有：perseverance 坚持不懈、resilience 韧性、endurance 忍受力、grit 毅力...on the international frontreasoned, robustm and effectiveaddress economic and trade issues维护我国利益：safeguard China's national interstsstand firm in后通常接“信仰、立场、信念”，如果介词变against含义变为：坚定反对...- hold firm to one's priciple
the five rounds of China-US trade talkspositive outcomes were producedthe two countries' heads of stateimportant common understandings were reached put...on a more stable footing中美经贸合作：China-US economic and trade cooperation对内打好政策“组合拳”，加强宏观政策逆周期调节，着力稳就业、稳企业、稳市场、稳预期，集中力量办好自己的事。我们从最坏处打算，向最好处努力，不仅稳住了宏观经济大盘，推动高质量发展取得新成效，而且极大提振了全社会的士气和信心。On the domestic front, we focused on running our own affairs well: We improved policy coordination and took macro policy steps to enhance counter-cyclical adjustments, with the aim of keeping employment, enterprise operations, markets, and expectations stable.By preparing for the worst while striving for the best, not only did we maintain overall macroeconomic stability and secure new advances in high-quality development, but we also significantly bolstered morale and confidence across society.
on the domestic frontimprove policy coordinationtake macro policy steps to enhance counter-cyclical adjustments所谓“逆周期调节”通俗理解就是：政府对于经济一片大好或一片萧条时所采取的调节手段，使经济周期处于一个“平稳、平衡”的状态keep employment, enterprise operations, markets, and expectations stablefocused on running our own affairs wellby preparing for the worst while striving for the bestmaintain overall macroeconomic stability secure new advances in...高质量发展：high-quality developmentbolster morale and confidence across societybolster v.提振、增强、巩固、支持、改善，因此其同义词或近义词就是那些耳熟能详的：boost，strengthen，support，improve...- bolster an arguement/a claim
- bolster one's morale and confidence
在这个过程中，我们进一步认识到，做好新形势下经济工作必须充分挖掘经济潜能、必须坚持政策支持和改革创新并举、必须做到既“放得活”又“管得好”、必须坚持投资于物和投资于人紧密结合、必须以苦练内功来应对外部挑战。During this process, we deepened our understanding of what is needed to deliver in economic work under new circumstances: We must fully tap the potential of the economy; both provide policy support and pursue reform and innovation; both foster market vitality and conduct effective regulation; invest in both physical assets and people; and hone our own capabilities to navigate external challenges.
we deeped our understanding of...deliver in economic work under new circumstancesmust fully tap the potential of the economyboth provide policy support and pursue reform and innovationboth foster market vitality and conduct effective regulationinvest in both physical assets and peoplehone our own capabilities to navigate external challengeshone /həʊn/v. [to make something sharper, more effective, or more perfect through gradual practice or refinement]，对应中文的“磨练、打磨”，常见的搭配有：- hone one's craft/skills/technique 磨练手艺/技艺
实践再次证明，坚持党中央集中统一领导是应对一切困难、做好各项工作的根本保证，中国人民有信心有智慧有力量战胜一切艰难险阻！Once again, it has been shown that upholding the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committee is the fundamental guarantee for overcoming all difficulties and advancing all of our work. It has been shown that the Chinese people possess the confidence, wisdom, and strength to surmount any obstacle that lies ahead.
uphold the centralized, unified leadership of the Party Central Committeethe fundamental guarantee for overcoming all difficulties and advancing all of our workthe Chinese people possess the confidence, wisdom, and strength surmount any obstacle thay lies aheadsurmount any obstacle that lies aheadsurmount /səˈmaʊnt/ v.克服，同overcome，是一个及物动词，常常与difficulty，problem，challenge搭配
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