今天继续和本薯一起读2026中英版政府工作报告吧。Report on the Work of the Government (2026)：Part 22
[摘要] 深化农村改革与城镇化，优化区域协调布局。持续推进农村改革发展。
全面开展第二轮土地承包到期后再延长30年整省试点，发展农业适度规模经营，发展新型农业经营主体，健全现代农业经营体系和社会化服务体系。支持发展新型农村集体经济。深化集体产权、集体林权、农垦、供销社等改革。
We will continue to advance rural reform and development.
Province-wide trials onextending rural land contracts by another 30 years upon the expiration of the current second-round contracts will be conductedacross the country. We will develop appropriately scaled agricultural operations, foster new types of agribusiness, and improve the framework for modern agricultural operations and commercial agro-services. Support will be provided for the development of new rural collective economies. We will push forward with the reform of collective property rights, collective forest tenure, state farms, and supply and marketing cooperatives.
注：
1.土地承包到期后再延长30年 extending rural land contracts by 30 years，保持土地承包关系稳定并长久不变。这是为了给农民吃下“定心丸”，鼓励长期投入，防止短期行为。译文用 expiration of the current second-round contracts 准确交代了背景。
2. 农业适度规模经营 appropriately scaled agricultural operations
3. 全面开展第二轮土地承包到期后再延长30年整省试点。Province-wide trials on extending rural land contracts ... will be conducted across the country
4. 新型农业经营主体 new types of agribusiness
5. 集体产权 collective property rights、集体林权 collective forest tenure、农垦 state farms、供销社 and supply and marketing cooperatives
开展第四次全国农业普查。推动城乡要素双向流动，深化农文旅等融合发展，培育壮大乡村特色产业，提高农产品精深加工水平，发展林下经济，完善联农带农机制，促进农民稳定增收。
The fourth national agricultural census will be carried out. We will promote two-way flows of production factors between urban and rural areas and pursue integrated development of agriculture, culture, and tourism. We will nurture distinctive rural industries, boost the intensive processing of agricultural products, develop the non-timber forest-based economy, and refine mechanisms for involving more rural residents in local industry development, so as to sustain rural income growth.
注：
1. 缩略语处理。深化农文旅等融合发展 integrated development of agriculture, culture, and tourism. 中文缩略语，英文必须还原为三个独立的领域。遇到“X-X-X”并列缩略语，首选 integrated development of A, B, and C。
2. 要素双向流动 two-way flows of production factors，中文“要素”在英文中要补全为 production factors（生产要素），否则 elements 会显得过于空泛。
3. 中文原文： “推动城乡要素双向流动……促进农民稳定增收。” 疑问： We will promote two-way flows of production factors ... so as to sustain rural income growth. 中文常以“动宾+动宾”并列，但逻辑上后者是前者的目的或结果。译文使用 so as to 或 with a view to 引导，使原本松散的结构变得逻辑严密。
4. 第四次全国农业普查 The fourth national agricultural census
5. 农产品精深加工intensive processing of agricultural products
6. 林下经济non-timber forest-based economy，是依托森林、林地及其生态环境，遵循可持续经营原则开展的生态友好型复合经营活动，包括林下种植、林下养殖、产品采集加工、森林景观利用。
7. 联农带农机制 mechanisms for involving more rural residents in local industry development，指通过制度化安排和多元化的利益联结方式，引导新型农业经营主体与农户建立稳定合作关系，让农民更多分享产业增值收益，实现小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接。
发展壮大乡村人才队伍。深化农村移风易俗，提升乡村治理和文明乡风建设水平。持续整治提升农村人居环境，以钉钉子精神解决好农村改厕、垃圾围村等问题。扎实推进全域土地综合整治。完善乡村建设实施机制，加快补齐农村现代生活条件短板，推进宜居宜业和美乡村建设。
More rural professionals will be trained. Further efforts will be made to promote new social mores, improve governance, and enhance social etiquette and civility in rural areas. To further improve the rural living environment, we will make tenacious efforts to address issues such as upgrading toilets and clearing up waste. Initiatives for whole-of-area land improvements will be steadily advanced. We will refine mechanisms for implementing rural development initiatives, move faster to address modern amenity gaps in rural areas, and work to build a beautiful and harmonious countryside for people to live and work in.
注：
1. 处理政治修辞：“钉钉子精神” make tenacious efforts to... 译文放弃了钉子的字面意思，取其坚韧不拔、一抓到底的内涵，译为 tenacious 。“钉钉子精神”常译为 tenacity, perseverance 或 with the spirit of driving the nail（若需保留修辞感）。
2. 全域土地综合整治 whole-of-area land improvements，指对农用地、建设用地、生态用地进行系统性的重构。译文用 whole-of-area 强调了其全方位、一体化的特征。
3. 文明乡风 social etiquette and civility in rural areas
4. 农村现代生活条件短板 modern amenity gaps in rural areas
深入实施区域协调发展战略、区域重大战略、主体功能区战略和新型城镇化战略，构建优势互补、高质量发展的区域经济布局和国土空间体系。7. Advancing new urbanization and coordinated regional development
We should continue to implement the coordinated regional development strategy, major regional strategies, the functional zoning strategy, and the new urbanization strategy, with a view to developing a regional economic layout and a territorial space system that enable regions to leverage their complementary strengths in pursuit of high-quality development.
注：
1. 主体功能区战略 functional Zoning Strategy，指按照开发方式（优化、重点、限制、禁止）对国土空间进行分类。有的地方搞工业，有的地方保生态，以实现“土地各司其职”，避免产业盲目布局。
2. 构建优势互补、高质量发展的区域经济布局… ...with a view to developing a regional economic layout ... that enable regions...
深入推进以人为本的新型城镇化。
科学有序推进农业转移人口市民化，因地制宜放宽在流入地参加中考报名条件，进一步完善“人地钱”挂钩政策。
We will continue to promote people-centered new urbanization.
Well-conceived and systematic measures will be taken to grant permanent urban residency to people who move to cities from rural areas. Based on local conditions, we will ease relevant eligibility standards so that more children of rural migrant workers can take high school entrance examinations in their current place of residence. We will continue to refine the policies for linking transfer payments, quotas for land newly designated for construction, and infrastructure investment to the number of urban residency approvals granted by local governments.
注：
1.农业转移人口市民化 grant permanent urban residency to people who move to cities from rural areas
2. “人地钱”挂钩政策 linking transfer payments, land quotas, and infrastructure investment to urban residency，指财政转移支付、建设用地指标、基建投资与落户人数挂钩。“人”指农业转移人口市民化数量，“地”指建设用地指标，“钱”指财政转移支付。政策核心逻辑是“人往哪里走，地和钱就跟到哪里”。
3. 科学有序推进 Well-conceived and systematic measures
优化县域基础设施布局和公共资源配置，发展县域特色产业，推动县域经济高质量发展。坚持城市内涵式发展，优化现代化城市体系。高质量推进城市更新，稳步实施城镇老旧小区、城中村等改造。盘活利用存量土地和闲置房屋设施。
We will improve infrastructure planning and public resource allocation at the county level and develop distinctive industries to promote high-quality development of county economies. We will continue to tap the full potential of cities and refine the modern urban system. We will pursue high-quality urban renewal by steadily renovating old urban residential compounds and urban villages. Idle land and vacant housing and infrastructure will be put to better use. 注：
1. 城市内涵式发展tap the full potential of cities. “内涵式”相对于“外延式（摊大饼）”，强调挖掘内部存量和质量。译文用 tap the full potential（挖掘全部潜力）实现了功能对等。
2. 城市更新 urban renewal，针对城镇老旧小区、城中村的改造。不再是“推倒重建”，而是“微改造、精提升”。Old urban residential compounds（老旧小区）, urban villages（城中村）。
3. 存量土地和闲置房屋设施 Idle land and vacant housing and infrastructure
4. 城镇老旧小区、城中村等改造 renovating old urban residential compounds and urban villages
加强城市基础设施生命线安全工程建设，提升高层建筑火灾防范和救援能力。加强适老化和无障碍改造。建设创新型产业社区、商务社区，推动城市治理智慧化精细化，建设现代化人民城市。
We will boost the development of projects for ensuring the safety of urban infrastructure lifelines and improve fire prevention and rescue capacity for high-rise buildings. Efforts will be intensified to carry out age-friendly and barrier-free retrofitting. We will develop new types of industry-oriented and business-oriented communities, make urban governance smarter and more meticulous, and build people-centered modern cities.
注：
1. 城市基础设施“生命线”安全工程 safety of urban infrastructure lifelines，指城市运行必不可少的燃气、供水、排水、供热、桥梁、管廊等系统。
2.智慧化精细化 smarter and more meticulous. 中文是动词化的名词，英文转换为形容词作宾补。
3. 适老化和无障碍改造 age-friendly and barrier-free retrofitting
不断增强区域发展协调性。
优化主体功能区划，引导各地区围绕主体功能定位，更好发挥比较优势。扎实推动西部大开发形成新格局、东北全面振兴取得新突破、中部地区加快崛起、东部地区加快推进现代化。加强改革攻坚、政策赋能和要素保障，支持经济大省挑大梁。
We will ensure more coordinated regional development.
We will optimize functional zoning to guide localities in better leveraging their comparative advantages based on their defined functions. Solid steps will be taken to make new advances in the large-scale development of the western region, to achieve new breakthroughs in the full revitalization of the Northeast, to accelerate the rise of the central region, and to encourage faster modernization of the eastern region. We will devote greater energy to advancing critical reforms, enhancing policy empowerment, and ensuring the supply of production factors, all with the aim of supporting major provincial economies in assuming greater responsibility.
注：
1.发挥比较优势 leverage comparative advantages
2. 东北全面振兴 full revitalization of the Northeast
3. 经济大省“挑大梁” major provincial economies assuming greater responsibility，指广东、江苏、浙江等省份在全国经济增长中发挥支柱作用，为全国贡献更多的产值和税收。Assuming greater responsibility 完美契合了“挑大梁”的政治内涵。
支持京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区打造世界级城市群。高标准高质量推进雄安新区建设。持续推进长江经济带发展、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展。提升成渝地区双城经济圈发展能级。推动长江中游城市群等加快发展。
We will encourage the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area to build themselves into world-class city clusters. We will advance high-standard, high-quality development of the Xiong'an New Area. Continued efforts will be made to promote the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, and to pursue ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. The development capacity of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone will be boosted, and faster growth will be promoted in city clusters along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and in other areas. 注：
1.世界级城市群 world-class city clusters
2. 长江经济带发展 Yangtze Economic Belt
3. 黄河流域 Yellow River basin
4. 长江中游城市群 city clusters along the middle reaches of the Yangtze River
加强重点城市群协调联动，健全规划统筹、产业协作、利益共享等机制，实施国家产业转移发展提升工程，深化跨行政区合作。加大差异化政策支持力度，深入推进兴边富民行动，促进革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、资源枯竭城市等振兴发展。加强主要海湾整体规划，做强做优做大海洋产业。We will enhance the coordinated and interconnected development of key city clusters, improve the mechanisms for coordinated planning, industrial collaboration, and benefit sharing, carry out national initiatives for industry relocation, development, and upgrading, and boost cooperation across administrative divisions. We will strengthen differentiated policy support to advance initiatives aimed at boosting economic development and raising living standards in border regions and promote the revitalization and development of old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and resource-depleted cities. We will enhance overall planning for major bays and see that China's maritime sector gets stronger, performs better, and grows in size.
注：
1. 健全规划统筹、产业协作、利益共享等机制。 ...improve the mechanisms for coordinated planning, industrial collaboration, and benefit sharing.
名词化处理：将中文的三个动作（统筹、协作、共享）全部转化为名词形式（planning, collaboration, sharing）。这使得句子重心极稳，呈现出“制度化”的质感。
动词合并与精简：中文三个动词对应三个机制，译文仅用一个 improve the mechanisms for。
2. 国家产业转移发展提升工程 national initiatives for industry relocation, development, and upgrading
3. 兴边富民行动 Initiatives to boost development and living standards in border regions，针对边境地区的专项扶持政策，旨在通过改善民生和经济，实现“守边、固边、兴边”。
4. 革命老区 old revolutionary base areas、民族地区 areas with large ethnic minority populations、边疆地区 border areas、资源枯竭城市 resource-depleted cities
5.做强做优做大 gets stronger, performs better, and grows in size
【本部分话题核心表达整理】
1. 农村制度
Extend rural land contracts by another 30 years (土地承包期再延长30年)
Appropriately scaled agricultural operations (农业适度规模经营)
New types of agribusiness (新型农业经营主体)
Modern agricultural operations and commercial agro-services (现代农业经营体系和社会化服务体系)
New rural collective economies (新型农村集体经济)
Collective property rights / Collective forest tenure (集体产权/集体林权)
State farms / Supply and marketing cooperatives (农垦/供销社)
National agricultural census (全国农业普查)
2. 乡村产业与民生
Two-way flows of production factors (要素双向流动)
Integrated development of agriculture, culture, and tourism (农文旅融合发展)
Distinctive rural industries (乡村特色产业)
Intensive processing of agricultural products (农产品精深加工)
Non-timber forest-based economy (林下经济)
Mechanisms for involving more rural residents in local industry development (联农带农机制)
Sustain rural income growth (农民稳定增收)
Rural professionals (乡村人才队伍)
3. 乡村治理
Social mores / Social etiquette and civility (移风易俗/文明乡风)
Rural living environment (农村人居环境)
With the spirit of driving the nail / Tenacious efforts (钉钉子精神)
Upgrading toilets and clearing up waste (改厕、垃圾围村)
Whole-of-area land improvements (全域土地综合整治)
Modern amenity gaps (现代生活条件短板)
Beautiful and harmonious countryside (宜居宜业和美乡村)
4. 新型城镇化
People-centered new urbanization (以人为本的新型城镇化)
Grant permanent urban residency (农业转移人口市民化/落户)
Migrant workers' children (随迁子女/农业转移人口子女)
Linked-payment/land-quota/investment policy (人地钱挂钩政策)
Public resource allocation at the county level (县域公共资源配置)
Connotative development (内涵式发展)
Urban renewal (城市更新)
Old urban residential compounds / Urban villages (老旧小区/城中村)
Idle land and vacant housing (存量土地和闲置房屋)
Urban infrastructure lifelines (城市基础设施生命线)
Age-friendly and barrier-free retrofitting (适老化和无障碍改造)
Meticulous governance (精细化治理)
5. 区域战略
Functional zoning strategy (主体功能区战略)
Territorial space system (国土空间体系)
Complementary strengths / Comparative advantages (优势互补/比较优势)
Large-scale development of the western region (西部大开发)
Full revitalization of the Northeast (东北全面振兴)
Rise of the central region (中部地区崛起)
Major provincial economies assuming greater responsibility (经济大省挑大梁)
World-class city clusters (BTH, YRD, GBA) (京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区世界级城市群)
Xiong'an New Area (雄安新区)
Yangtze Economic Belt / Yellow River basin (长江经济带/黄河流域)
Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone (成渝地区双城经济圈)
Coordinated planning, industrial collaboration, and benefit sharing (规划统筹、产业协作、利益共享)
Industry relocation, development, and upgrading (产业转移发展提升)
Across administrative divisions (跨行政区)
Revitalization of old revolutionary base areas (革命老区振兴)
Resource-depleted cities (资源枯竭城市)
Maritime sector / Major bays (海洋产业/主要海湾)
